主题：【原创】受人启发想把wiki 上面关于西藏的部分给大家翻译一下 -- 中国陈

多谢牛腰兄关于地名的翻译，我放在前面了

Arunachal Pradesh：阿鲁纳恰尔邦（印度叫法），中国称为藏南。

Ü-Tsang：卫藏

western Kham：西康

Amdo：安多

eastern Kham：东康（有这个名称吗？？）

Sikkim：锡金

Bhutan：不丹

Ladakh：拉达克（现属印度）

1.Definitions of Tibet

西藏的定义

When the People's Republic of China (PRC) refers to Tibet, it means the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR): a province-level entity which, according to the territorial claims of the PRC, includes Arunachal Pradesh. The TAR covers the Dalai Lama's former domain, consisting of Ü-Tsang and western Kham, while Amdo and eastern Kham are part of Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, and Sichuan.[5]

当中华人民共和国提到西藏的时候，他指的是西藏自治区：一个省级的实体，通过中华人民共和国的领土主张，西藏自治区包括Arunachal Pradesh这个地方。西藏自治区包括达赖喇嘛的前期版图，也就是Ü-Tsang 和 western Kham组成，然而Amdo 和 eastern Kham则是青海甘肃云南和四川的一部分。

When the Government of Tibet in Exile and the Tibetan refugee community abroad refer to Tibet, they mean the areas consisting of the traditional provinces of Amdo, Kham, and Ü-Tsang, but excluding Sikkim, Bhutan, and Ladakh that have also formed part of the Tibetan cultural sphere.[5]

当西藏流亡政府和西藏在国外的难民提到西藏的时候，他们所指的西藏包括传统的几个省Amdo, Kham, 和Ü-Tsang。但是排除出了Sikkim, Bhutan, 和Ladakh这些地方，这些地方也是属于西藏文化圈。

（这些地方都是在印度附近，你自己上wiki的话可以点开地名有地图的，我还不会贴图，欢迎哪位热心人帮忙贴图）

The difference in definition is a major source of dispute. The distribution of Amdo and eastern Kham into surrounding provinces was initiated by the Yongzheng Emperor during the 18th century and has been continuously maintained by successive Chinese governments.

关于西藏定义的不同是一个主要的争论点。Amdo 和eastern Kham 并入其他周围几个省市有雍正皇帝在18世纪决定的。同时也被后来的中国政府所延续。

2.Name 名字

Tibetans call their homeland Bod (བོད་), pronounced [pʰøʔ] in Lhasa dialect. It is first attested in the geography of Ptolemy as βαται (batai)[6]. In Nepal, Tibet is known as Bhot.

西藏人管他们的故乡叫做Bod，在尼泊尔叫做Bhot.

In Chinese

Himalayas near Lhasa.

Himalayas near Lhasa.

The PRC's Chinese name for Tibet, 西藏 (Xīzàng), is a phonetic transliteration derived from the region called Tsang (western Ü-Tsang). The Chinese name originated during the Qing Dynasty of China, ca. 1700. It can be broken down into xī 西 ("west"), and “zàng” 藏 (from Ü-Tsang, but also literally “Buddhist scripture,” “storage” or "treasure"[7]). The pre-1700s historic Chinese term for Tibet was "吐蕃". In modern Standard Mandarin, the first character is pronounced tǔ. The second character is normally pronounced fān; in the context of references to Tibet, most authorities say that it should be pronounced bō (making the word "Tubo"), while some authorities make no distinction between the general pronunciation and that in the Tibetan context, making the word "Tufan".[8] Its reconstructed Medieval Chinese pronunciation is /t'obwǝn/, which comes from the Turkic word for “heights” which is also the origin of the English term Tibet.[9][10] When expressing themselves in Chinese, many exiled Tibetans, including the Dalai Lama's government in Dharamsala, now use the term 吐博 Tǔbó. Although the second character is not historically accurate, it has the correct pronunciation (whereas ambiguity attends the pronunciation of 蕃), and thus 吐博 is deemed by some to be a more appropriate way to write Tibet in Chinese.

中华人民共和国管tibet叫西藏，她是从Tsang衍生过来的。西藏的叫法是从清朝1700开始的，同时也有文献叫“Buddhist scripture,” “storage” or "treasure"在1700年以前中国管西藏叫吐蕃。（下面的我就说大意了，主要讨论是吐蕃怎么发音有tufan 也有tubo)。流亡的达赖喇嘛发音吐博。

（这段是研究中国关于西藏名字的叫法）

The government of the People's Republic of China equates Tibet with the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). As such, the name Xīzàng is equated with the TAR. In order to refer to non-TAR Tibetan areas, or to all of cultural Tibet, the term 藏区 Zàngqū (literally, "ethnic Tibetan areas") is used. However, Chinese-language versions of pro-Tibetan independence websites, such as the Free Tibet Campaign, the Voice of Tibet, and Tibet Net use 西藏 (“Xīzàng”), not 藏区 ("Zàngqū"), to mean historic Tibet.

中华人民共和国政府认为西藏就是西藏自治区。如果你想说非西藏自治区或者所有藏文化区，你可以说藏区。然而西藏独立者们的网址他们用西藏而不是藏区，所指的是历史的西藏。

Some English-speakers reserve Xīzàng, the Chinese word transliterated into English, for the TAR, to keep the concept distinct from that of historic Tibet.[citation needed]

The character 藏 (zàng) has been used in transcriptions referring to Tsang as early as the Yuan Dynasty, if not earlier, though the modern term Xizang (western Tsang) was devised in the 18th century. The Chinese character 藏 (Zàng) has also been generalized to refer to all of Tibet, including other concepts related to Tibet such as the Tibetan language (藏文, Zàngwén) and the Tibetan people (藏族, Zàngzú).

According to Mahabharat, the Great Indian Epic, term Tibet is Trivishtham. In Sanskrit, Tri means three and Vishtham represents the Yogic powers of Lord Shiv. As per Hindu Mythology, Himalayas are abode of Lord Shiva, the region is acclaimed to be Trivishtham become Tribitham in colloqial Hindi and became Tibith in Pali Language which eventually turned as Tibet

这里我就说一下大意，主要就是说我们管他们的文字就藏文，管他们人叫藏族。

In English

The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European languages, is derived from the Arabic word Tubbat.[11] This word is derived via Persian from the Turkic word Töbäd (plural of Töbän), meaning "the heights".[9][10] In Medieval Chinese, 吐蕃 (pronounced tǔbō), is derived from the same Turkic word.[9] 吐蕃 was pronounced /t'o-bwǝn/ in Medieval times.

The exact derivation of the name is, however, unclear. Some scholars believe that the named derived from that of a people who lived in the region of northeastern Tibet and were referred to as Töbüt or Tübüt. This was the form adapted by the Muslim writers who rendered it Tübbett, Tibbat, etc., from as early as the 9th century, and it then entered European languages from the reports of the medieval European accounts of Piano-Carpini, Rubruck, Marco Polo and the Capuchin monk Francesco della Penna.[12]

PRC scholars favor the theory that "Tibet" is derived from tǔbō.[11][13]

讲的是西方怎么叫的。如有需要我翻译。