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主题:【原创2】关于中共的5个谜团/全文手打输入中英对照/ -- jackrain

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家园 【原创2】关于中共的5个谜团/全文手打输入中英对照/

说明:此文为翻译美国外交政策杂志40周年纪念版中的一篇。于2011年4月21日在网友天地首发。转过来想多听听这里的意见。

Title: 5 Myths about the Chinese Communist Party

标题:关于中国共产党的5个谜团

Source: Foreign Policy, 40th Annuversary Special Issue, Jan/Feb 2011

文章来源:外交政策,40周年纪念版,2011年1月/2月合刊

Author: Richard Mcgregor, former Beijing Bureau chief of the Financial Times

作者:理查德 麦克格瑞戈 , 金融时报北京站前主编

1. “China Is Communist in Name Only.”

1.中国只是名义上的共产主义

WRONG. If Vladimir Lenin were reincarnated in 21st-century Beijing and managed to avert his eyes from the city’s glittering skyscrapers and conspicuous consumption, he would instantly recognize in the ruling Chinese Communist Party a replica of the system he designed nearly a century ago for the victors of the Bolshevik Revolution. One need only look at the party’s structure to see how communist – and Leninist – China’s political system remains.

错! 如果弗拉季米尔列宁重生于21世纪的北京, 并且将他的目光从灿烂的摩天大楼和巨大的消费经济上移开,他将立刻认出,处于支配地位的中国共产党,不过是他一个世纪前为布尔什维克革命的胜利者们设计的系统的一个翻版。任何人只要看一眼这个党的结构就能明白,共产主义的中国政治体系,或者说,列宁主义的中国政治体系,是如何维持的。

Sure, China long ago dumped the core of the communist economic system, replacing rigid central planning with commercially minded state enterprises that coexist with a vigorous private sector. Yet for all their liberalization of the economy, Chinese leaders have been careful to keep control of the commanding heights of politics through the party’s grip on the “three Ps”: personnel, propaganda, and the People’s Liberation Army.

是的, 中国很早以前就已经放弃了共产主义经济体系的核心,用具备商业竞争意识的国营企业和生机勃勃的私营机构代替了僵化的中央计划经济。但是为了他们经济上的自由,中国的领导者们运用党能理解的“3P”理论:人才,宣传,和军队,非常谨慎地保留了对高层政治的控制权。

(jackrain评论:3P通常是指3人以上的混乱性交行为。将人才,宣传和对军队的重视说成3P,是对中国共产党的丑化。)

The PLA is the party’s military, not the country’s. Unlike in the West, where controversies often arise about the potential politicization of the military, in China the party is on constant guard for the opposite phenomenon, the depoliticization of the military. Their fear is straightforward: the loss of party control over the generals and their troops. In 1989, one senior general refused to march his soldiers into Beijing to clear students out of Tiananmen Square, an incident now seared into the ruling class’s collective memory. After all, the army’s crackdown on the demonstrations preserved the party’s hold on power in 1989, and its leaders have since worked hard to keep the generals on their side, should they be needed to put down protests again.

中国人民解放军是党的军队,而不是国家的军队。在西方,常常会产生关于军队是否具有潜在的政治化倾向的辩论。与西方不同的是,在中国,党时常保护的是相反的倾向,即军队的非政治化。他们的恐惧是显而易见的:那就是失去对将军们和他们手里的军队的控制。1989年,一个高级将领拒绝将他的士兵派往北京清除天安门广场上的学生。而现在,这个事件已经被尘封在最高领导层的集体记忆里了。毕竟,军队在1989年对示威的镇压维护了党对权力的控制。从那时起,党的领导人就一直在致力于保持将领们的忠诚,以保证一旦有需要,他们能再一次镇压示威活动。

(jackrain评论:这一段及其恶毒,完全是在千方百计挑起中国的内乱。 将党和国家对立, 党和军队对立,将党和领军的将士们对立。多看看西方JY这样的反华文章,就能真正明白,毛主席强调的“党领导枪”和“枪杆子里面出政权”是多么英明的政策了。)

As in the Soviet Union, the party controls the media through its Propaganda Department, which issues daily directives, both formally on paper and in emails and text messages, and informally over the phone, to the media. The directives set out, often in detail, how news considered sensitive by the party – such as the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo – should be handled or whether it should be run at all.

和前苏联一样(就差没说和希特勒一样了,呵呵。不过和希特勒的类比,肯定是少不了的),党通过宣传部控制媒体(中宣部被点名了。有木有! 有木有!可惜啊,要是中宣部真这么彪悍,我也不用这么辛苦自带干粮当五毛了)。宣传部每天给新闻媒体发布新闻指导方针,包括通过文件,电子邮件和短消息正式发布的,以及通过电话非正式发布的。(现在的新闻媒体,有指导方针还出来这么多南方系的垃圾,没指导方针还不知道乱成什么样了。对文科生的教育,实在是任重道远啊!) 这些指导方针,通常非常详细地规定了党认为敏感的新闻,比如刘三百获颁炸药奖的新闻,应该如何处理,或者这样的敏感新闻是否应当发布。

(jackrain评论:谁说只有党才反感这样的新闻?我一屁民照样想吐这刘三百一脸口水!这TM还叫新闻吗?这根本就是西方树立的反华乱华的标杆!刘三百这样的人物和事件不专政,人民民主专政就是一句空话了。中宣部,给我挺直了别趴下!)

Perhaps most importantly, the party dictates all senior personnel appointments in ministries and companies, universities and the media, through a shadowy and little-known body called the Organization Department. Through the department, the party oversees just about every significant position in every field in the country. Clearly, the Chinese remember Stalin’s dictate that the cadres decide everything.

也许最重要的是,党通过一个影子一样的很少有人知道的机构,组织部,控制着政府,公司,高校,和媒体的所有高层人士任命。通过这个机构,党监督着这个国家里每一个领域里的每一个重要职位。显然,中国人记住了斯大林的话:干部决定一切。

(jackrain评论:说得就跟黑手党差不多了对吧?人要的就是这个效果:中国政府就是这样一个独裁政府!不让组织部考察,难道让美国国家安全局来考察中国的干部人事任命?笑话!这个金融时报主编这么有本事,他可以让美国政府取消人事任命的背景调查啊!或者让美国公司取消对每个申请人的面试好了。一个白痴,就知道攻击中国。凡是中国做的就都是错的。这样的白痴文章再多出来几次,中国人民都不用劝,自觉自愿地就团结在党中央周围了。莫非这家伙也是个五毛,只不过潜伏到老鬼子心脏里了?)

Indeed, if you benchmark the Chinese Communist Party against a definitional checklist authored by Robert Service, the veteran historian of the Soviet Union, the similarities are remarkable. As with communism in its heyday elsewhere, the party in China has eradicated or emasculated political rivals, eliminated the autonomy of the courts and media, restricted religion and civil society, denigrated rival versions of nationhood, centralized political power, established extensive networks of security police, and dispatched dissidents to labor camps. There is a good reason why the Chinese system is often described as “market-Leninism.”

实际上,如果你把中国共产党和来自前苏联经验丰富的历史学家,罗伯特舍维斯所编写的定义列表对照一下,(两者之间)可以说是惊人的相似。和共产主义全盛时期的其他地方一样, 中国共产党要么根除,要么削弱了其政治上的对手,取消了司法和新闻的独立性,限制了宗教和世俗社会(的发展),污蔑对手的民族性,集中了政治权利,建立了广泛的秘密警察网络,并且还把持不同政见者流放到劳改营去。这也是为什么中国人的体制经常又被称作“市场列宁主义”的原因。

(jackrain评论:看!广泛的秘密警察网络,劳改营,这不就是希特勒的所作所为吗?说着说着,中国共产党就等于希特勒了不是?我们党的民主集中,集体决策不提了,最高领导的任期制不提了,人大的选举制度也自动被过滤了。要说污蔑,这个在中国驻过站的新闻主编,恐怕是最有心得了吧。为了表示自己是站在公正的立场上在评价,还专门找一个所谓来自苏联经验丰富的历史学家,不就是一个改拿美分的文科生吗?唬得了谁啊?)

关键词(Tags): #政治通宝推:readerg,

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